In recent years, the nature of work has been undergoing a dramatic transformation. Automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing how businesses operate, replacing routine tasks once done by humans. While many experts argue that technology will also create new opportunities—roles that require creativity, problem-solving, and emotional intelligence—this has raised concerns about job losses, skills machines cannot easily replicate.
Remote work, once rare, is now common in many industries, especially after the global pandemic forced companies to adapt. Employees enjoy the flexibility of working from home, while employers benefit from reduced operational costs. However, remote work also presents challenges: maintaining team collaboration, ensuring productivity, and preventing employee isolation.
As the workplace continues to evolve, adaptability becomes essential. Lifelong learning is no longer optional but a necessity to keep up with emerging tools and trends. Governments, educational institutions, and businesses must collaborate to prepare the workforce for the future, ensuring that technological progress benefits everyone rather than leaving some behind.
According to the text, which skill is hard for machines to replicate?

In recent years, the nature of work has been undergoing a dramatic transformation. Automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing how businesses operate, replacing routine tasks once done by humans. While many experts argue that technology will also create new opportunities—roles that require creativity, problem-solving, and emotional intelligence—this has raised concerns about job losses, skills machines cannot easily replicate.
Remote work, once rare, is now common in many industries, especially after the global pandemic forced companies to adapt. Employees enjoy the flexibility of working from home, while employers benefit from reduced operational costs. However, remote work also presents challenges: maintaining team collaboration, ensuring productivity, and preventing employee isolation.
As the workplace continues to evolve, adaptability becomes essential. Lifelong learning is no longer optional but a necessity to keep up with emerging tools and trends. Governments, educational institutions, and businesses must collaborate to prepare the workforce for the future, ensuring that technological progress benefits everyone rather than leaving some behind.
The word “adaptability” is closest in meaning to…

Canine Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection in dogs, caused by a combination of bacteria (Bordetella bronchiseptica) and viruses. The infection primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, including the trachea and throat, but in severe cases can progress to the lungs. Kennel cough spreads mainly through direct contact with infected dogs or by inhaling airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing. The incubation period typically ranges from two to fourteen days.
The most noticeable symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, dry, hacking cough. Dogs may also gag or retch after coughing fits. Some dogs develop nasal discharge, sneezing, or mild fever. Generally, affected dogs remain active and continue to eat normally, though puppies and older dogs may experience more severe symptoms, including difficulty breathing and pneumonia. Vaccination and limiting contact with infected dogs can help prevent the disease.
One of the symptoms of kennel cough is …

Canine Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection in dogs, caused by a combination of bacteria (Bordetella bronchiseptica) and viruses. The infection primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, including the trachea and throat, but in severe cases can progress to the lungs. Kennel cough spreads mainly through direct contact with infected dogs or by inhaling airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing. The incubation period typically ranges from two to fourteen days.
The most noticeable symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, dry, hacking cough. Dogs may also gag or retch after coughing fits. Some dogs develop nasal discharge, sneezing, or mild fever. Generally, affected dogs remain active and continue to eat normally, though puppies and older dogs may experience more severe symptoms, including difficulty breathing and pneumonia. Vaccination and limiting contact with infected dogs can help prevent the disease.
How is kennel cough most commonly spread?

Lifestyle and Its Impact on Health
Lifestyle refers to the habits, routines, and behaviors of individuals, communities, and nations, shaped by their environment, culture, economy, politics, and religion. It reflects how people live, work, eat, and spend leisure time. In modern times, lifestyle is considered one of the most important determinants of health. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that nearly 60% of factors affecting a person’s health and life quality are linked to lifestyle choices.
An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to serious health problems. Common issues include obesity, heart disease, diabetes, joint disorders, high blood pressure, and even mental health problems. Factors such as poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity, and chronic stress are major contributors to these conditions.
Moreover, technological advancements, especially the rise of digital communication and the internet, create new challenges. Excessive screen time, social media addiction, and online gaming may affect both physical and psychological well-being.
In addition, some lifestyle choices are influenced by cultural and social factors. For example, in some communities, close-kin marriages are common, which may increase the risk of genetic disorders. Another example is the widespread use of self-medication. Some countries report a high rate of medication misuse, with people taking antibiotics or painkillers without prescriptions. This can lead to drug resistance, weakened immunity, and severe side effects, even fatal reactions in some cases.
Overall, lifestyle profoundly affects physical and mental health. Awareness and preventive measures are necessary to reduce the risk of disease and improve overall quality of life.
The connection between lifestyle and health is most similar to:

Lifestyle and Its Impact on Health
Lifestyle refers to the habits, routines, and behaviors of individuals, communities, and nations, shaped by their environment, culture, economy, politics, and religion. It reflects how people live, work, eat, and spend leisure time. In modern times, lifestyle is considered one of the most important determinants of health. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that nearly 60% of factors affecting a person’s health and life quality are linked to lifestyle choices.
An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to serious health problems. Common issues include obesity, heart disease, diabetes, joint disorders, high blood pressure, and even mental health problems. Factors such as poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity, and chronic stress are major contributors to these conditions.
Moreover, technological advancements, especially the rise of digital communication and the internet, create new challenges. Excessive screen time, social media addiction, and online gaming may affect both physical and psychological well-being.
In addition, some lifestyle choices are influenced by cultural and social factors. For example, in some communities, close-kin marriages are common, which may increase the risk of genetic disorders. Another example is the widespread use of self-medication. Some countries report a high rate of medication misuse, with people taking antibiotics or painkillers without prescriptions. This can lead to drug resistance, weakened immunity, and severe side effects, even fatal reactions in some cases.
Overall, lifestyle profoundly affects physical and mental health. Awareness and preventive measures are necessary to reduce the risk of disease and improve overall quality of life.
Complete the conditional sentence based on the passage:
“If people continue to adopt an unhealthy lifestyle, …”

Advocates for animals are becoming increasingly strident, even to the extent of using terrorist tactics Their Ire is more typically directed against laboratories that use animals, but zoos also have come under fire Some animal rights extremists have expressed a goal of putting zoos out of existence. Extreme though these views may be, they signal a shift in public attitudes toward animal welfare. Many people now consider animals as fellow creatures with needs and feelings that should be respected. Zoos that have not become attuned to perceptions of animal welfare have often experienced an erosion of public support. Some of the poorer, old-fashioned zoos have closed and even some prominent zoos have almost succumbed

These animal advocates often confuse animal rights with animal welfare, and their anthropomorphic ideas about what animals need are often at odds with what is best for animals. For example, well-meaning protestors tried to prevent the transfer of a gorilla named Timmy, who had never procreated, to a zoo in New York that had considerable success in breeding gorillas as well as many potential fertile mates for Timmy. The protestors did not want Timmy to be separated from his current, infertile female partner. However, in nature gorillas do not form monogamous bonds and they do transfer from one social group to another. Eventually, after court battles, Timmy was moved, formed bands with new females, and has begotten numerous offspring.

A related problem is the limited space in zoos.

Thus, breeding unwanted, “surplus” animals is a problem for zoos because surplus animals inhabit valuable space. Some zoos take the apparently logical stance, from a utilitarian animal management vantage, of culling their surplus stocks or selling them to the private collectors. In private hands, some animals have ended up on game ranches where they are shot for sport. This has caused major public relations imbroglios, as a result of which zoos have had to examine their ethical policies and restrict their animal trade to within accredited zoos.

Zoos have developed contraceptive and husbandry techniques to prevent unplanned breeding, and they have developed scientific breeding plans to keep population demographics aligned with available space. Furthermore, there has been a trend of exchanging animals without fees as they become increasingly priceless

Zoos have also added applied psychology to their toolkits. They now must reassure their public that animals are not distressed but are potentially “happy” New techniques are being developed to stimulate zoo animals, reduce psychological stress and elicit cooperation rather than coerce desired behaviors

(Taken from AM. Lyles, “Zoos and Zoological Parks” Encyclopedia of Blodiversity, vol 5. P. 904)
What is the topic of the text?

Advocates for animals are becoming increasingly strident, even to the extent of using terrorist tactics Their Ire is more typically directed against laboratories that use animals, but zoos also have come under fire Some animal rights extremists have expressed a goal of putting zoos out of existence. Extreme though these views may be, they signal a shift in public attitudes toward animal welfare. Many people now consider animals as fellow creatures with needs and feelings that should be respected. Zoos that have not become attuned to perceptions of animal welfare have often experienced an erosion of public support. Some of the poorer, old-fashioned zoos have closed and even some prominent zoos have almost succumbed

These animal advocates often confuse animal rights with animal welfare, and their anthropomorphic ideas about what animals need are often at odds with what is best for animals. For example, well-meaning protestors tried to prevent the transfer of a gorilla named Timmy, who had never procreated, to a zoo in New York that had considerable success in breeding gorillas as well as many potential fertile mates for Timmy. The protestors did not want Timmy to be separated from his current, infertile female partner. However, in nature gorillas do not form monogamous bonds and they do transfer from one social group to another. Eventually, after court battles, Timmy was moved, formed bands with new females, and has begotten numerous offspring.

A related problem is the limited space in zoos.

Thus, breeding unwanted, “surplus” animals is a problem for zoos because surplus animals inhabit valuable space. Some zoos take the apparently logical stance, from a utilitarian animal management vantage, of culling their surplus stocks or selling them to the private collectors. In private hands, some animals have ended up on game ranches where they are shot for sport. This has caused major public relations imbroglios, as a result of which zoos have had to examine their ethical policies and restrict their animal trade to within accredited zoos.

Zoos have developed contraceptive and husbandry techniques to prevent unplanned breeding, and they have developed scientific breeding plans to keep population demographics aligned with available space. Furthermore, there has been a trend of exchanging animals without fees as they become increasingly priceless

Zoos have also added applied psychology to their toolkits. They now must reassure their public that animals are not distressed but are potentially “happy” New techniques are being developed to stimulate zoo animals, reduce psychological stress and elicit cooperation rather than coerce desired behaviors

(Taken from AM. Lyles, “Zoos and Zoological Parks” Encyclopedia of Blodiversity, vol 5. P. 904)
The word “ire” in the second sentence of the first paragraph could best be replaced by which of the following?

Text 1

The arrival of the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s changed the nature of tech toys and education hardware and software. Smart Toy Lab, an Intel and Mattel joint venture launched in 1998, developed the first web-connected interactive toys, or “smart toys.” Among the first toys the lab developed were the QX3 Microscope, which featured a built-in video camera that sent images to a PC via a USB link, and the Me2Cam, which let children play interactive games using gestures to move “objects” on the screen. Some early internet-connected toys and educational devices were criticized for violating children’s privacy by collecting personal information without parental consent. For example. Hello Barbie was released in 2015 and featured a built-in microphone and voice recognition software, as well as a Wi-Fi connection. The doll’s call-and-response function was a precursor to Amazon’s Alexa/Echo and Apple’s Siri voice assistants. However, hackers soon figured out how to break into the toy’s system and access users private information. Today many children from toddlers to teenagers regularly use tablets, smartphones, and virtual environments for entertainment and educational purposes. Pandemic-related restrictions have increased children’s reliance on these and other technologies to connect with the outside world. With increased use of these products comes heightened prospects of damage and abuse.

Text 2

sourse testine meryville edublog/children-and technology

Children are especially susceptible to tech-nology overuse. The American Psychological Association (APA) recommends limiting the use of technology to one hour per day of high-quality programming for children ages 2 to 5. For children ages 6 and up, it’s most important to set consistent limits on various types of media, such as gaming devices and smartphones. APA suggests that parents focus on the content on children’s screens and how the children are interacting with it. A survey of research on the possible negative effects of technology on children establishes a connection between the level of a child’s use of technology and various developmental and behavior problems such as lack of attention, aggressive behaviors, obesity, physical inactivity, sleep problems, musculoskeletal problems related to a sedentary lifestyle, greater risk of lifetime obesity and cardiovascular disease, sleep disturbances, and poor-quality sleep for children who overuse social media or keep mobile devices in their bedroom.
The following are developmental and behavioral problems that are linked to the level of child’s use of technology, EXCEPT…

Text 1

The arrival of the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s changed the nature of tech toys and education hardware and software. Smart Toy Lab, an Intel and Mattel joint venture launched in 1998, developed the first web-connected interactive toys, or “smart toys.” Among the first toys the lab developed were the QX3 Microscope, which featured a built-in video camera that sent images to a PC via a USB link, and the Me2Cam, which let children play interactive games using gestures to move “objects” on the screen. Some early internet-connected toys and educational devices were criticized for violating children’s privacy by collecting personal information without parental consent. For example. Hello Barbie was released in 2015 and featured a built-in microphone and voice recognition software, as well as a Wi-Fi connection. The doll’s call-and-response function was a precursor to Amazon’s Alexa/Echo and Apple’s Siri voice assistants. However, hackers soon figured out how to break into the toy’s system and access users private information. Today many children from toddlers to teenagers regularly use tablets, smartphones, and virtual environments for entertainment and educational purposes. Pandemic-related restrictions have increased children’s reliance on these and other technologies to connect with the outside world. With increased use of these products comes heightened prospects of damage and abuse.

Text 2

sourse testine meryville edublog/children-and technology

Children are especially susceptible to tech-nology overuse. The American Psychological Association (APA) recommends limiting the use of technology to one hour per day of high-quality programming for children ages 2 to 5. For children ages 6 and up, it’s most important to set consistent limits on various types of media, such as gaming devices and smartphones. APA suggests that parents focus on the content on children’s screens and how the children are interacting with it. A survey of research on the possible negative effects of technology on children establishes a connection between the level of a child’s use of technology and various developmental and behavior problems such as lack of attention, aggressive behaviors, obesity, physical inactivity, sleep problems, musculoskeletal problems related to a sedentary lifestyle, greater risk of lifetime obesity and cardiovascular disease, sleep disturbances, and poor-quality sleep for children who overuse social media or keep mobile devices in their bedroom.
According to the two texts, we can conclude that…

TEXT 1

Many young people will enter adulthood without knowledge and skills in finance. Young people need to have financial knowledge and skills. With these skills, they can make informed choices about their money. Consider these alarming statistics. Young Americans owe over $1 trillion in debt. More than 70% of millenials live paycheck to paycheck. They always run out of money before getting their salary. Young people need financial education.

Financial literacy is the combined knowledge and skills to make responsible financial decisions. It contributes to a sense of financial security and well-being. Knowledge of financial concepts includes saving, investing. spending, and borrowing. It is the foundation of financial literacy. Understanding credit management and asset building is also critical to healthy financial life. It includes how to reduce debt and avoid scams.

Low financial literacy threatens the well-being of individuals and families. Without al solid financial foundation, the youth are more susceptible to predatory lending. They also do not know how to manage debts and expenses. As a result, they get to lifelong financial inequity.

Low financial literacy can make people. miss wealth opportunities. It reduces access to higher education and professional development training. When young people lack financial knowledge, they are more likely to become trapped in cycles of poverty and debt. For example, poor spending and borrowing habits often result in low credit scores. In turn, it contributes to higher financial insecurity.

Financial education is fundamental to improving financial health and well-being for our communities. However, developing financial capability is the ultimate goal. Financial capability is what happens when financial literacy knowledge is practiced and applied. It becomes second nature. Financial literacy drives behavior that consistently leads to positive economic outcomes. It gives individuals the confidence to make informed financial decisions.
As such, they can take advantage of opportunities and build financial security for themselves and their families.

Financial education is fundamental to improving financial health and well-being for our communities. However, developing financial capability is the ultimate goal. Financial capability is what happens when financial literacy knowledge is practiced and applied. It becomes second nature. Financial literacy drives behavior that consistently leads to positive economic outcomes. It gives individuals the confidence to make informed financial decisions. As such, they can take advantage of opportunities and build financial security for themselves and their families

TEXT 2

As a teenager, have you ever seen your parents discussing something related to money? When you try to join conversation, do they either switch the topic? Do they say something like “We are doing something important, don’t disturb?” Most of us wonder why they do this. Well, you are not exactly financially illiterate. They think it would be of no help at the moment. “Financial literacy is defined as the ability to “understand and use various financial skills.”

This includes budgeting, Investing, credit management, and personal financial management. It is considered to be one of the most undervalued skills. Financial literacy will determine a country’s future. Financial education is extremely important. It will help you in building wealth, achieving goals, tackling challenges in case of emergencies and securing your family’s present and future.

Involving teenagers in day to day money matters, like managing household expenses, helps open their mind to certain financial aspect. Doing so will certainly help them become more responsible towards their spending habit. They will eventually realize how to spend little amounts of money and save as much as possible for when they need it. Money is an essential commodity in today’s world. It is, therefore, important to master the concept of money management from the teenage years to achieve financial literacy.
Which of the following statements shows the author’s positive attitude toward the involvement of teenagers in managing daily financial matters?

TEXT 1

Many young people will enter adulthood without knowledge and skills in finance. Young people need to have financial knowledge and skills. With these skills, they can make informed choices about their money. Consider these alarming statistics. Young Americans owe over $1 trillion in debt. More than 70% of millenials live paycheck to paycheck. They always run out of money before getting their salary. Young people need financial education.

Financial literacy is the combined knowledge and skills to make responsible financial decisions. It contributes to a sense of financial security and well-being. Knowledge of financial concepts includes saving, investing. spending, and borrowing. It is the foundation of financial literacy. Understanding credit management and asset building is also critical to healthy financial life. It includes how to reduce debt and avoid scams.

Low financial literacy threatens the well-being of individuals and families. Without al solid financial foundation, the youth are more susceptible to predatory lending. They also do not know how to manage debts and expenses. As a result, they get to lifelong financial inequity.

Low financial literacy can make people. miss wealth opportunities. It reduces access to higher education and professional development training. When young people lack financial knowledge, they are more likely to become trapped in cycles of poverty and debt. For example, poor spending and borrowing habits often result in low credit scores. In turn, it contributes to higher financial insecurity.

Financial education is fundamental to improving financial health and well-being for our communities. However, developing financial capability is the ultimate goal. Financial capability is what happens when financial literacy knowledge is practiced and applied. It becomes second nature. Financial literacy drives behavior that consistently leads to positive economic outcomes. It gives individuals the confidence to make informed financial decisions.
As such, they can take advantage of opportunities and build financial security for themselves and their families.

Financial education is fundamental to improving financial health and well-being for our communities. However, developing financial capability is the ultimate goal. Financial capability is what happens when financial literacy knowledge is practiced and applied. It becomes second nature. Financial literacy drives behavior that consistently leads to positive economic outcomes. It gives individuals the confidence to make informed financial decisions. As such, they can take advantage of opportunities and build financial security for themselves and their families

TEXT 2

As a teenager, have you ever seen your parents discussing something related to money? When you try to join conversation, do they either switch the topic? Do they say something like “We are doing something important, don’t disturb?” Most of us wonder why they do this. Well, you are not exactly financially illiterate. They think it would be of no help at the moment. “Financial literacy is defined as the ability to “understand and use various financial skills.”

This includes budgeting, Investing, credit management, and personal financial management. It is considered to be one of the most undervalued skills. Financial literacy will determine a country’s future. Financial education is extremely important. It will help you in building wealth, achieving goals, tackling challenges in case of emergencies and securing your family’s present and future.

Involving teenagers in day to day money matters, like managing household expenses, helps open their mind to certain financial aspect. Doing so will certainly help them become more responsible towards their spending habit. They will eventually realize how to spend little amounts of money and save as much as possible for when they need it. Money is an essential commodity in today’s world. It is, therefore, important to master the concept of money management from the teenage years to achieve financial literacy.
What can be concluded from the two texts?

TEXT 1

Every day we chew food with our teeth. We can crush hard food using molars. Our teeth are coated with a protective layer called tooth enamel. This layer is only a few millimeters of food without causing pain to the soft tissue under it

Scientists believe tooth enamel is the hardest biological tissue in the human body. Dental scientists have done a lot of research to replicate this super thin but strong structure for longer teeth health. Recently material scientists and chemical engineers have created synthetic tooth enamel that is even stronger that what is found in our teeth. They also studied both to more closely resemble the composition and structure of the real substance.

Tooth enamel is constantly bombarded by the strike of acids and bases from food and drink. It is contending with new bacteria and changes in the mouth’s microbiome. Enamel can be strong brushing and habitual teeth grinding. Time, wear, and decay bore holes through a tooth’s outer layers, resulting in cavities and other dental issues. Unlike a broken bone, enamel defenses itself.

The origin of enamel’s strength comes from its complex and intricate structure. Protective minerals are made of tiny, interconnected tubes called nanorods, which are filled with lattice. grids, a type of calcium phosphate mineral.

TEXT 2

Tooth enamel is a hard substance that is found on the outermost part of our teeth. Enamel is considered as the hardest substance in our body. It is known even harder than our bones. How it decays or breaks down when bacteria breaks down the sugar in food creating an acid hole. About two percent of enamel is made of some organic materials known as enamelin.

Enamels plays an important role in protecting the tooth’s to reduce the discomfort we feel due to hot or cold foods.
Although tooth enamel is a hard and protective coating, it can easily crack. When the enamel breaks, it is no longer able to protect the teeth adequately. Tooth decay and enamel damage and presence of acids in the food we eat. Acids cause erosion of the enamel. Once your tooth enamel is destroyed, your body will not make more of an effort to replace it Therefore, we should avoid acids.
The word “it” in text 2 paragraph 1 refers to…

TEXT 1

Every day we chew food with our teeth. We can crush hard food using molars. Our teeth are coated with a protective layer called tooth enamel. This layer is only a few millimeters of food without causing pain to the soft tissue under it

Scientists believe tooth enamel is the hardest biological tissue in the human body. Dental scientists have done a lot of research to replicate this super thin but strong structure for longer teeth health. Recently material scientists and chemical engineers have created synthetic tooth enamel that is even stronger that what is found in our teeth. They also studied both to more closely resemble the composition and structure of the real substance.

Tooth enamel is constantly bombarded by the strike of acids and bases from food and drink. It is contending with new bacteria and changes in the mouth’s microbiome. Enamel can be strong brushing and habitual teeth grinding. Time, wear, and decay bore holes through a tooth’s outer layers, resulting in cavities and other dental issues. Unlike a broken bone, enamel defenses itself.

The origin of enamel’s strength comes from its complex and intricate structure. Protective minerals are made of tiny, interconnected tubes called nanorods, which are filled with lattice. grids, a type of calcium phosphate mineral.

TEXT 2

Tooth enamel is a hard substance that is found on the outermost part of our teeth. Enamel is considered as the hardest substance in our body. It is known even harder than our bones. How it decays or breaks down when bacteria breaks down the sugar in food creating an acid hole. About two percent of enamel is made of some organic materials known as enamelin.

Enamels plays an important role in protecting the tooth’s to reduce the discomfort we feel due to hot or cold foods.
Although tooth enamel is a hard and protective coating, it can easily crack. When the enamel breaks, it is no longer able to protect the teeth adequately. Tooth decay and enamel damage and presence of acids in the food we eat. Acids cause erosion of the enamel. Once your tooth enamel is destroyed, your body will not make more of an effort to replace it Therefore, we should avoid acids.
According to Text 1, what can damage tooth enamel?

Researchers have debunked the myth that extreme sportsmen and women are adrenalin junkies with a death wish. According to Professor Brymer from Leeds Becket University, there had been a gross misunderstanding of what motivates people to take part in extreme sports. Many write it off as an activity for adrenalin junkies

His research has shown that people who engage in extreme sports are anything but irresponsible risk-takers with a death wish. They are highly trained individuals with a deep knowledge of themselves, the activity, and the environment. They usually do the activity to have a life-enhancing experience. The experience is very hard to describe in the same way that love is hard to describe. For example, Base jumpers talk about being able to see all the colours and nooks and crannies of the rock as they zoom past at 300km/h. Meanwhile, extreme climbers feel like they are floating and dancing with the rock.

Professor Schweitzer said understanding motivations for extreme sports was important to understand human. In fact, extreme sports participation facilitates more positive. psychological experiences and expresses human values. These include humility, harmony, creativity, spirituality, and a vital sense of self.
He added that extreme sports participants. found it hard to put their experiences into words. Thus, the research project had taken a new approach to understanding the data. His research team did not employ a theory-based approach which may make judgements that do not reflect the lived experience of extreme sports participants. Instead, they took a phenomenological approach. By doing so they were able to conceptualize such experiences. They could also investigate the choices to engage in activity which may lead to death. However, such experiences have been shown to be affirmative of life and the potential for transformation. Extreme sports have the potential to induce powerful states of consciousness and provide a further glimpse into what it means to be human.

Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com/
In the passage there are statements like these: His research team did not employ a theory-based approach which may make judgements that do not reflect the lived experience of extreme sports participants. Instead, they took a phenomenological approach. By doing so, they were able to conceptualize such experiences. Based on the statements above, if the research team had taken a theory-based approach, they……sheer details in the extreme sports participants’ experiences.

Researchers have debunked the myth that extreme sportsmen and women are adrenalin junkies with a death wish. According to Professor Brymer from Leeds Becket University, there had been a gross misunderstanding of what motivates people to take part in extreme sports. Many write it off as an activity for adrenalin junkies

His research has shown that people who engage in extreme sports are anything but irresponsible risk-takers with a death wish. They are highly trained individuals with a deep knowledge of themselves, the activity, and the environment. They usually do the activity to have a life-enhancing experience. The experience is very hard to describe in the same way that love is hard to describe. For example, Base jumpers talk about being able to see all the colours and nooks and crannies of the rock as they zoom past at 300km/h. Meanwhile, extreme climbers feel like they are floating and dancing with the rock.

Professor Schweitzer said understanding motivations for extreme sports was important to understand human. In fact, extreme sports participation facilitates more positive. psychological experiences and expresses human values. These include humility, harmony, creativity, spirituality, and a vital sense of self.
He added that extreme sports participants. found it hard to put their experiences into words. Thus, the research project had taken a new approach to understanding the data. His research team did not employ a theory-based approach which may make judgements that do not reflect the lived experience of extreme sports participants. Instead, they took a phenomenological approach. By doing so they were able to conceptualize such experiences. They could also investigate the choices to engage in activity which may lead to death. However, such experiences have been shown to be affirmative of life and the potential for transformation. Extreme sports have the potential to induce powerful states of consciousness and provide a further glimpse into what it means to be human.

Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com/
According to the passage, it can be hypothesized that the more…..the more……

Improving the mental health and well being of young people is a global priority. Approximately 80% of the population will experience mental ill-health at some point in their life. 75% of mental disorders begin before the age of 25. Mental ill-health changes the course of young people’s lives. (…) It can also cut lives short through an increased risk of dying by suicide, treatment side effects, and higher rates of chronic physical health conditions. Good-quality, impactful research is essential to helping young people cope with mental health challenges. Young people with lived experience should be integral partners in designing, implementing and translating this research.

Expertise based on experience matters. Young people who experience mental health challenges can provide unique insights that others do not have. Through roles such as youth advisors and peer researchers, they can put that knowledge to use. They are best placed to make a participant information and consent form meaningful and comprehensible for people their age. They can advise whether an intervention is appealing and practical. In doing this, they should consider time and resource investment in development and testing. Involving people with lived experience in research helps to improve funding success. recruitment rates and research outcomes. Across the research cycle, young people can Increase the chance of research making a real difference.
Young people with the most relevant experience should be offered opportunities Typically, youth partners are not able to speak on behalf of all young people. However, it is Important to ensure that they have experiences that are relevant to the research area. Someone who has experienced suicidal ideation cannot necessarily speak to the needs of young people who hear voices. Representation of other intersecting experiences and contexts matters too. These may include experiences of voluntary versus involuntary treatment, genders and sexualities, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Adapted from https://www.nature.com/
The author illustrates the importance of involving youths with lived experience in mental health studies in paragraph(s)?

Improving the mental health and well being of young people is a global priority. Approximately 80% of the population will experience mental ill-health at some point in their life. 75% of mental disorders begin before the age of 25. Mental ill-health changes the course of young people’s lives. (…) It can also cut lives short through an increased risk of dying by suicide, treatment side effects, and higher rates of chronic physical health conditions. Good-quality, impactful research is essential to helping young people cope with mental health challenges. Young people with lived experience should be integral partners in designing, implementing and translating this research.

Expertise based on experience matters. Young people who experience mental health challenges can provide unique insights that others do not have. Through roles such as youth advisors and peer researchers, they can put that knowledge to use. They are best placed to make a participant information and consent form meaningful and comprehensible for people their age. They can advise whether an intervention is appealing and practical. In doing this, they should consider time and resource investment in development and testing. Involving people with lived experience in research helps to improve funding success. recruitment rates and research outcomes. Across the research cycle, young people can Increase the chance of research making a real difference.
Young people with the most relevant experience should be offered opportunities Typically, youth partners are not able to speak on behalf of all young people. However, it is Important to ensure that they have experiences that are relevant to the research area. Someone who has experienced suicidal ideation cannot necessarily speak to the needs of young people who hear voices. Representation of other intersecting experiences and contexts matters too. These may include experiences of voluntary versus involuntary treatment, genders and sexualities, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Adapted from https://www.nature.com/
The author would apparently agree that the case of relevant experience in mental ill-health research discussed in the passage is similar to the phenomenon between?

The song comes alive as night draws in. Beneath the blanket, between the fold of cradling arms, in rooms across the world, a hidden chorus of caregivers fills the night with song to an audience of children. They’re singing lullabies. Across cultures, lullabies echo the histories of those who sing them.

There is a growing body of research about how lullabies help soothe both caregiver and child. Laura Cirelli, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Toronto, studies the science of maternal song. She found that when mothers sang lullabies, stress levels. dropped not just for the baby but for mothers as well. In her most recent work, she found that familiar songs soothed babies the most-more than speaking or hearing unfamiliar songs. However, lullabies tend to have collections of features across cultures. The Harvard University’s Music Lab project found that people can hear universal traits in music-even when they are listening to songs from other cultures. The project asked 29,000 participants to listen to 118 songs and identify whether it was a healing song, a dance song, a love song, or a lullaby with the finding statistically showing that people are most consistent in Identifying lullabies.
The word “soothed in paragraph 2 in the passage is closest in meaning to…

The song comes alive as night draws in. Beneath the blanket, between the fold of cradling arms, in rooms across the world, a hidden chorus of caregivers fills the night with song to an audience of children. They’re singing lullabies. Across cultures, lullabies echo the histories of those who sing them.

There is a growing body of research about how lullabies help soothe both caregiver and child. Laura Cirelli, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Toronto, studies the science of maternal song. She found that when mothers sang lullabies, stress levels. dropped not just for the baby but for mothers as well. In her most recent work, she found that familiar songs soothed babies the most-more than speaking or hearing unfamiliar songs. However, lullabies tend to have collections of features across cultures. The Harvard University’s Music Lab project found that people can hear universal traits in music-even when they are listening to songs from other cultures. The project asked 29,000 participants to listen to 118 songs and identify whether it was a healing song, a dance song, a love song, or a lullaby with the finding statistically showing that people are most consistent in Identifying lullabies.
In the passage there is a statement like this:

“In her most recent work, she found that familiar songs soothed babies the most-more than speaking or hearing unfamiliar songs” If unknown songs ….. bables will not sleep so easily.